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Every optimiser defect this project has found was invisible from outside while it was happening, and each was paid for at the meter first: SAFETY-45's 28 charge onsets an hour against a binding peak_cap_w, TARIFF-14's wrong quarter-hour for 45 minutes in every 60, SAFETY-46's 598 Wh spent to gain 310 Wh. There was no way to watch what the optimiser WOULD do without letting it do it. `shadow_mode` runs strategies, arbiter, clamps and guards, records the decision with its reason, and commands nothing. ⚠️ IT WRITES. It writes 0 W, on the ordinary heartbeat, through the ordinary single writer. The inverter holds its last command forever - it has no meter timeout - so "commands nothing" implemented as "stops writing" would leave whatever was standing when shadow mode came on standing for as long as it was left on, under a page saying nothing is being commanded. That is the failure this repository keeps finding. Refreshing 0 W is also what firmware/goodwe-master.yaml's 30 s stale-input watchdog requires of us; going quiet would keep that board tripped for the whole run, which is an alarm being used as a mode. ⚠️ IT IS NOT A SECOND WRITE PATH. No claim, no transport, no arithmetic of its own. It is a substitution inside Controller._write_unit() - the single choke point every write already reaches - in the same form as the three above it, and it is the LAST of them, so SAFETY-28's gate and SAFETY-03's clamp still grade the number the decision path produced. ⚠️ THE DEFAULT IS `auto`, NOT `true`, AND THAT IS THE CARD'S REAL CONTENT. The Supervisor composes options as {**config.yaml defaults, **stored user options}, so a new key with a new default reaches EVERY EXISTING INSTALL on the next update - including the one regulating a real battery. A boolean default-on would have stopped it silently. There is no mechanism by which one key can default differently for a new install and an existing one, so "default-on for new" is a value the add-on RESOLVES: `auto` is shadow while control is STOPPED and live once it is STARTED. A fresh install ships `auto_start: false` and comes up observing; an install that is controlling is started and does not change by one watt. THE FAILSAFES. Sign watchdogs (SAFETY-02/30): INERT - they grade Inverter.standing_w(), which shadow mode holds at 0 W. Fed the shadow decision they would disagree with a meter that never saw it and LATCH A TRIP THAT SURVIVES INTO LIVE OPERATION AND A RESTART. Clamp (SAFETY-03), write gate (SAFETY-28), meter freeze (SAFETY-18), peak guard: OBSERVE. Circulation (SAFETY-31) and delivery (SAFETY-42): observe and may legitimately latch, because their evidence is measured power. The operator stop is the one deliberate change: enforced at the wire rather than as a P_SAFETY claim, which would otherwise make every recorded decision read "stopped". ⚠️ RECORDED LIMITATION: _shadow_settle() re-seeds the carried command to what stands on the wire, which makes the exit safe by construction - and therefore the loop leg's shadow decision is ONE SLEW STEP, not a trajectory. A shadow run answers "what would it command now", not "what would it have done next". The strategies are unaffected; all three defects above are visible from one. Graded on the writes and on the rendered surface, never on the flag: 22 mutations, no survivors, including one that lets a write escape and one that goes silent instead of commanding 0 W. Closed loop on TEST-23 stage 3's rig, same hour twice: live drives the pack to -2000 W and SoC 50.000 -> 62.331 %; shadow commands 0 W throughout, SoC stays 50.0 exactly, and the arbitrage decision is identical in action, instant, signed power, reason and arbiter winner. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 <noreply@anthropic.com> Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_01BwRLw7eKYj2byVdwB6kbjU