SAFETY-52 review: a refusal is under 100 W, and any delivery ends it

- Engage (and seed from a stale stop) below REFUSED_BELOW_W, the probe's
  own 100 W answer, not below saturation_w: a battery derated to 100-499 W
  was held at 0 W ~93 % of the time.
- A reading of 100 W or more in the held direction ends the refusal, probe
  or not: at a 1 s meter SETTLE_CYCLES is 12 s, shorter than a healthy
  reading's lag, and that held a healthy step at 0 W until the next probe.
- test_refusal part 5b and a seed test; DOCS states the N>1 limit; the
  DECISIONS record carries the traced cause of the replay's extra trips.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>

goodwe_controller/DECISIONS/SAFETY-52-a-battery-that-refuses.md

@@ -19,12 +19,13 @@ instead and ran SAFETY-59's ~70 s trip cycle.
 
 1. **A refused direction is held at 0 W**, reason `battery refuses`. It engages
    in `compute()` when the freeze has held `SETTLE_CYCLES` and the reading is
-   within `saturation_w` of 0 against an ask beyond it. The drop to 0 skips
+   below `REFUSED_BELOW_W` (100 W, the probe's own answer) against an ask beyond
+   `saturation_w`. The drop to 0 skips
    the slew limit (it only removes an ask nobody meets). The direction is
    carried like `sat_count` (`refused=`, `Decision.refused`).
 2. **A 200 W probe every 15 minutes, 34 s long** (`PROBE_W`, `PROBE_EVERY_S`,
-   `PROBE_S`; twice `BATT_OBLIGED_S`). An answer of at least 100 W ends the
+   `PROBE_S`; twice `BATT_OBLIGED_S`). A reading of at least 100 W in the held
-   refusal. 200 W is below `freshness.MOVE_W` (250 W), so a probe cannot arm
+   direction ends the refusal, during a probe or not. 200 W is below `freshness.MOVE_W` (250 W), so a probe cannot arm
    the gate. The clock is main.py's `now_mono`; `compute()` stays clockless.
 3. **A gate trip while the loop is frozen on a ~0 W reading is a refusal** for
    control (`Controller._refusal_from_stale`). This is what stops the ~70 s
@@ -52,18 +53,43 @@ shapes, recovery with no sign change, the probe cadence, every exit).
 | plant | law | gate trips | request >1 kW above delivery | longest held | import / export kWh | worst 15-min |
 |---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | fitted | old | 85 | 113.3 h | 16.57 h | 112.0 / 35.2 | 3434 W |
-| fitted | new | 130 | 11.4 h | 0.21 h | 112.3 / 35.4 | 3456 W |
+| fitted | new | 130 (133 after review) | 11.4 h | 0.21 h | 112.3 / 35.4 | 3456 W |
 | offset 0 W | old | 1010 | 102.2 h | 16.58 h | 112.0 / 35.2 | 3434 W |
 | offset 0 W | new | 85 | 6.1 h | 0.33 h | 111.9 / 35.1 | 3434 W |
 
-The +22 W worst quarter and the +45 trips on the fitted plant follow the fit's
+**Traced in review (#141).** The +22 W worst quarter is the old law's worst
--22 W offset, which slowly charges the modelled pack above its floor while the
+quarter too. There the old law stands at +2060 W on a pack giving 0 W, and the
-hold stands. With the offset at 0 both vanish. That is inferred from these two
+new law asks 0 W, which the fitted plant answers with its -22 W offset: 22 W
-rows and was not traced further. Rejected alternatives and their figures are in
+charged from the grid. The fit above the floor reads `batt = cmd - 28 W`, so a
+real inverter asked 0 W may do the same. Of the 71 new-law trips with no
+old-law trip within 2 min, 59 come 85-97 s after an answered probe. The offset has lifted the modelled pack
+just above its floor, the probe is answered, control ramps, the pack empties
+again mid-ramp, and the gate trips, which re-seeds the hold. The other 12
+follow an other-direction exit the same way. On a site this is one
+`STALE_READING` ERROR line per answered probe at most, and only on a battery
+that answers a probe and then cuts out again. Catching the re-cut before the
+gate needs a faster engage than `SETTLE_CYCLES`, which accuses a healthy slow
+battery, so it is left to SAFETY-58/59. After the review changes below the
+fitted-plant row reads 133 trips (the delivery exit now also catches answers
+that arrive after the probe window); the other figures are unchanged. Rejected alternatives and their figures are in
 the phase A plan: bounding the integrator by demand made the worst quarter
 +541 W worse or cycled the gate 3368 times, and an SoC envelope needs the
 configured floor to be right and needs SoC.
 
+## Review changes (#141)
+
+- **"Gives nothing" is below 100 W, not below 500 W.** At `saturation_w` a
+  battery derated to 100-499 W (cold, a tapering battery) was held at 0 W for
+  ~93 % of the time: 300 W derated gave 86 Wh in 4 h against 1 200 Wh on the
+  old law. The capture has 0.11 h in that band, so the replay does not move.
+- **Any delivery ends the hold, not only an answered probe.** With
+  `meter_poll_s: 1` the 12 cycles last 12 s, less than a healthy battery's
+  reading lag (up to `BATT_OBLIGED_S`, 17 s). That engaged on a healthy step and
+  held it for 15 min. Now the late reading ends it within seconds (2 s held in
+  `test_refusal.py` part 5b).
+- **N>1 is stated as a limit in DOCS.** The pack limit there covers an empty
+  battery only when its cut-out level is configured right.
+
 ## Not covered
 
 A battery that gives a steady part of the ask (e.g. a 500 W keep-alive) is a

goodwe_controller/DOCS.md

@@ -538,17 +538,23 @@ accumulator is doing:
 | `saturated-freeze` | the inverter is not following, so the command's magnitude may fall but not rise |
 | `freeze-released` | the freeze had run out of plant-shaped explanations and the command was let move again |
 | `not-running` | control is stopped **and** shadow mode is off, so the loop did not run |
-| `battery refuses` | the battery gave nothing for a minute while asked for more than 500 W, so the add-on asks 0 W in that direction (see below) |
+| `battery refuses` | the battery gave less than 100 W for 12 cycles (a minute at a 5-second meter) while asked for more than 500 W, so the add-on asks 0 W in that direction (see below) |
 | `battery probe` | the add-on asks 200 W to test whether a refusing battery gives power again |
 
 **When the battery refuses.** At its cut-out level the battery gives nothing,
 whatever it is asked. The add-on then asks 0 W instead of repeating its last
 request, and the `Why` row reads *The battery refuses to give power: 0 W*. Every
-15 minutes it asks 200 W for about half a minute; if the battery answers,
+15 minutes it asks 200 W for about half a minute. Control resumes as soon as
-control resumes. It also resumes when the grid needs charging instead, and when
+the battery gives 100 W or more, when the grid needs charging instead, and when
 control is stopped or started. 200 W is below the 250 W the stale-reading check
-needs, so a test never trips it. One inverter only: with several, the battery
+needs, so a test never trips it. A battery that gives some power, even 100 W,
-level limit already moves an empty battery's share to the others.
+is not refusing and keeps its request.
+
+⚠️ **One inverter only.** With several inverters this hold is off. There, the
+battery level limit moves an empty battery's share to the others, but only if
+its “Battery cut-out level” matches where the battery really stops. A battery
+that refuses at another level, or for another reason (cold, a battery fault),
+can still hold its last request until the grid starts to export.
 
 *For installers:* SAFETY-52. The event log reads `BATTERY REFUSES …` and
 `BATTERY REFUSES ENDED: …`, and the INFO line ends in `BATTERY_REFUSES`.

goodwe_controller/app/control.py

@@ -286,6 +286,10 @@ REFUSED = "battery refuses"
 PROBING = "battery probe"
 PROBE_W = 200.0
 PROBE_ANSWER_W = PROBE_W / 2
+# "Gives nothing" is below the probe's own answer, not below `saturation_w`: a
+# pack derated to 100-499 W is a limit, and at 500 W it kept ~7 % of its power
+# (review of #141). The capture's refusals read -4 W.
+REFUSED_BELOW_W = PROBE_ANSWER_W
 PROBE_EVERY_S = 900.0
 PROBE_S = 34.0
 
@@ -773,18 +777,19 @@ def compute(
 
     # --- SAFETY-52: a refused direction is held at 0 W ----------------------
     # Engages only where the freeze has held for SETTLE_CYCLES and the unit
-    # delivers ~nothing: a reading within `saturation_w` of 0 against an ask
+    # delivers ~nothing: a reading below REFUSED_BELOW_W against an ask beyond
-    # beyond it is a refusal, not a slow plant. The drop to 0 skips the slew
+    # `saturation_w` is a refusal, not a slow plant. The drop to 0 skips the slew
     # limit because it only removes an ask the battery is not meeting.
     if refused is not None:
         if (refused == 0 and frozen and sat_count >= SETTLE_CYCLES
                 and abs(prev_w) > tuning.saturation_w
-                and abs(actual_w) < tuning.saturation_w):
+                and abs(actual_w) < REFUSED_BELOW_W):
             refused = 1 if prev_w > 0 else -1
         if refused and refused * i_w < 0:
             refused = 0                          # the loop wants the other way
-        elif refused and probe and refused * actual_w >= PROBE_ANSWER_W:
+        elif refused and refused * actual_w >= PROBE_ANSWER_W:
-            refused = 0                          # the probe was answered
+            refused = 0                          # it delivers: a probe answered,
+            #                                     or a slow reading arriving
         elif refused:
             wants = refused * i_w > 0
             i_w = 0.0

goodwe_controller/app/main.py

@@ -1108,8 +1108,9 @@ class Controller:
                                      f"gave {batt_w:+.0f} W for "
                                      f"{decision.sat_count} cycles")
         elif self.batt_refused and not now:
-            answered = probe and self.batt_refused * batt_w >= _ctl.PROBE_ANSWER_W
+            gave = self.batt_refused * batt_w >= _ctl.PROBE_ANSWER_W
-            self._refusal_end("the probe was answered" if answered
+            self._refusal_end("the probe was answered" if gave and probe
+                              else "the battery gives power" if gave
                               else "the grid now asks the other direction")
 
     def _refusal_from_stale(self, inv, now_mono) -> None:
@@ -1124,7 +1125,7 @@ class Controller:
                 and not self.batt_refused
                 and self.sat_count >= t.saturation_cycles
                 and inv.batt_fresh.held is not None
-                and abs(inv.batt_fresh.held) < t.saturation_w
+                and abs(inv.batt_fresh.held) < _ctl.REFUSED_BELOW_W
                 and abs(standing) > t.saturation_w):
             self._now_mono = now_mono
             self._refusal_start(1 if standing > 0 else -1,

goodwe_controller/test_delivery.py

@@ -1147,8 +1147,10 @@ async def _one():
             "soc_entity": "sensor.soc", "batt_entity": "sensor.batt",
             "meter_source": "off", "max_w": 2000, "gain": 0.6,
             # ⚠️ THE SAME 1 s AS THE TWO-INVERTER FIXTURE, AND THAT IS WHAT
-            # MAKES THIS SECTION NON-VACUOUS. The run below is 2 s of wall clock
+            # MAKES THIS SECTION NON-VACUOUS. The run below is 1.1 s of wall
-            # against a 1 s window, so a hold is not what stops this firing -
+            # clock against a 1 s window (SAFETY-52 shortened it from 2 s, and
+            # "the window was never even opened" below is what still makes it
+            # non-vacuous), so a hold is not what stops this firing -
             # the reduction is. With a shipped-length hold "nothing was
             # reported" would be true of a fixture that simply ran out of time.
             "bms_soc_floor": _FLOOR_PCT, "delivery_hold_s": 1,

goodwe_controller/test_refusal.py

@@ -34,6 +34,12 @@ test_messages (MUTATION.md). Reds are failing checks, on this tree:
   R7  main.py: another writer no longer ends the refusal         1
   R8  main.py: stop/start no longer ends the refusal             1
   R9  main.py: the probe window never opens                      4
+  R10 main.py: seed from a stale stop below `saturation_w` again,  1
+      not below REFUSED_BELOW_W (review of #141). The same mutation
+      in control.py's engage clause SURVIVES, and that is expected:
+      the delivery exit (R11) ends such a refusal in the same cycle.
+  R11 control.py: only an answered PROBE ends the refusal          2
+      (`and probe` back in the delivery exit; review of #141)
 """
 
 import asyncio
@@ -366,6 +372,89 @@ rows, _, c = run(load906, cut906, 900, cap906, events={600.0: other_writer})
 check("another writer on the wire ends the refusal (the arbiter reseed)",
       at(rows, 590)[6] == 1 and at(rows, 605)[6] == 0)
 
+# ==============================================================================
+print("5b. review of #141: a pack that gives SOME power, and a reading that is "
+      "only late, are not a refusal")
+# ==============================================================================
+# A pack derated to 100-499 W (cold, BMS taper) gives what it can against a
+# larger ask. Engaging below `saturation_w` (500 W) held it at 0 W for ~93 % of
+# the time; "gives nothing" is below the probe's own answer.
+# `compute()` alone: through the Controller the stale-reading gate trips on the
+# flat 300 W first, and that fixture then passes whatever this threshold is.
+def derated(carry, cap_w=300.0, n=1800):
+    prev, i_w, sat, ref, gave, held = 0.0, 0.0, 0, carry, 0.0, 0
+    b = 0.0
+    for _ in range(n):                                   # 2.5 h at 5 s
+        d = control.compute(prev, 2000.0 - b, b, T, sat, i_w, refused=ref)
+        prev, i_w, sat, ref = d.target_w, d.i_w, d.sat_count, d.refused
+        held += bool(ref)
+        b = max(0.0, min(prev, cap_w))                   # one tick late
+        gave += b
+    return gave / n, held
+
+
+T = control.Tuning(**LIVE)
+gave_old, _ = derated(None)
+gave_new, held_new = derated(0)
+print(f"    pack derated to 300 W: old law {gave_old:.0f} W average, new "
+      f"{gave_new:.0f} W, held as refusing on {held_new} cycles")
+check("a pack that gives a steady 300 W against a 2000 W ask is never held at "
+      "0 W as refusing, and keeps giving what the old law got from it",
+      held_new == 0 and gave_new == gave_old and gave_old > 290.0)
+
+
+def lagging(tick, dead_s=6.0, publish_s=10.0, phase_s=5.0, dur=600.0):
+    """`compute()` on a HEALTHY pack whose reading lags: it follows the command
+    of `dead_s` ago, published every `publish_s`. A 1 s meter (`meter_poll_s`
+    1) makes SETTLE_CYCLES only 12 s, shorter than that lag."""
+    prev, i_w, sat, ref, hist, reg, pub = 0.0, 0.0, 0, 0, [], 0.0, -phase_s
+    held = engaged = 0
+    t = 0.0
+    while t < dur:
+        then = [c for tc, c in hist if tc <= t - dead_s]
+        b = then[-1] if then else 0.0
+        if t - pub >= publish_s:
+            reg, pub = b, t
+        d = control.compute(prev, (3000.0 if t >= 10 else 0.0) - b, reg, T,
+                            sat, i_w, refused=ref)
+        engaged += bool(d.refused) and not ref
+        prev, i_w, sat, ref = d.target_w, d.i_w, d.sat_count, d.refused
+        hist.append((t, prev))
+        held += tick * bool(ref)
+        t += tick
+    return engaged, held
+
+
+lag1 = lagging(1.0)
+print(f"    1 s meter, healthy pack with a late reading: engaged {lag1[0]} "
+      f"time(s), held {lag1[1]:.0f} s")
+check("a healthy pack whose reading is merely late is let go as soon as the "
+      "reading shows it delivering - not held until the next probe",
+      lag1[1] <= 10.0)
+
+
+async def _seed(held_w):
+    """`_refusal_from_stale()` on a unit standing at +2000 W, frozen."""
+    c = Controller(dict(
+        {"setpoint_entity": "number.sp", "meter_entity": "sensor.grid",
+         "soc_entity": "sensor.soc", "batt_entity": "sensor.batt",
+         "meter_source": "off"}, **LIVE),
+        _Hass(lambda t: 0.0, lambda t: False), _Store(), _Pub(),
+        stop=asyncio.Event())
+    c.auto, c.sat_count = True, c.tuning.saturation_cycles
+    inv = c.inverters[0]
+    inv.last_write, inv.batt_fresh.held = 2000.0, held_w
+    c._refusal_from_stale(inv, 100.0)
+    return c.batt_refused
+
+
+check("a stale-reading stop on a register standing at 300 W is not a refusal "
+      "(it gives something), and one at -4 W is",
+      asyncio.run(_seed(300.0)) == 0 and asyncio.run(_seed(CUT_W)) == 1)
+d = control.compute(0.0, 1500.0, 1400.0, T, 0, 0.0, refused=1, probe=False)
+check("...i.e. a held direction that reads 100 W or more ends the refusal "
+      "without waiting for a probe", d.refused == 0)
+
 # ==============================================================================
 print("6. words")
 # ==============================================================================

goodwe_controller/tools/replay_refusal.py

@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ def go(which, rows, fit, publish_s=10.0, stale_input_s=15.0):
         if fr.stale and not was:
             trips += 1
             if (which == "new" and not st["ref"] and st["sat"] >= tun.saturation_cycles
-                    and abs(reg) < tun.saturation_w and abs(st["target"]) > tun.saturation_w):
+                    and abs(reg) < NEW.REFUSED_BELOW_W and abs(st["target"]) > tun.saturation_w):
                 st["ref"], st["anchor"] = (1 if st["target"] > 0 else -1), t
         was = fr.stale
         if batt is None: